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Combatting antimicrobial resistance | Collections | MSF Science Portal

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing public health crisis, especially in countries with fragile health systems, population displacement or ongoing conflict. In 2019 antibiotic-resistant bacteria directly caused an estimated 1.27 million deaths, and contributed to 4.95 million deaths, tolls that will continue to increase if no effective action is taken.


MSF’s approach to combatting antimicrobial resistance combines three pillars: infection prevention and control, microbiology and surveillance, and rational use of antibiotics via antibiotic stewardship. Several studies characterize patterns and prevalence of antibiotic resistance among MSF patients, from civilians wounded in Middle East conflicts to hospitalized neonates in Central African Republic and Haiti. New technologies developed by MSF and partners are expanding local capacity for rapid, accurate laboratory diagnosis of infections, so that clinicians can prescribe the right antibiotic for each patient. Other work assesses the practices and challenges related to optimizing rational antibiotic use within health facilities and communities.

If you're interested in learning more about MSF's work in antimicrobial resistance, view the full list of MSF's publications on the topic.

Collection Content

Journal Article
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Research

Antibiotic consumption in hospitals in humanitarian settings in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia and South Sudan

Skender K, Versace G, Lenglet AD, Clezy K
2024-08-15 • Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control
2024-08-15 • Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control

BACKGROUND

Antimicrobial resistance is of great global public health concern. In order to address the paucity of antibiotic consumption data and antimicrobial resistance surveil...

Conference Material
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Abstract

Antibiogo as an innovative solution to detect antimicrobial resistance: from an operational need to a CE-marked diagnostic test available for low-income and middle-income countries

Rapoud D, Cramer E, Al Asmar M, Sagara F, Ndiaye B,  et al.
2024-05-16 • MSF Scientific Day International 2024
2024-05-16 • MSF Scientific Day International 2024
INTRODUCTION
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to public health and could cause 10 million deaths per year by 2050. Access to high-quality diagnostic tests is a key in...
Journal Article
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Review

Antimicrobial resistance in bacterial wound, skin, soft tissue and surgical site infections in Central, Eastern, Southern and Western Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Monk EJM, Jones TPW, Bongomin F, Kibone W, Nsubuga Y,  et al.
2024-04-16 • PLOS Global Public Health
2024-04-16 • PLOS Global Public Health
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global threat and AMR-attributable mortality is particularly high in Central, Eastern, Southern and Western Africa. The burden of clinically inf...
Journal Article
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Letter

Antimicrobial resistance in the ongoing Gaza war: a silent threat

Moussally K, Abu-Sittah G, Gomez FG, Fayad AA, Farra A
2023-11-09 • Lancet
2023-11-09 • Lancet
Journal Article
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Commentary

Antimicrobial stewardship in primary health care programs in humanitarian settings: the time to act is now

Truppa C, Alonso B, Clezy K, Deglise C, Dromer C,  et al.
2023-09-04 • Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control
2023-09-04 • Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control
Fragile and conflict-affected settings bear a disproportionate burden of antimicrobial resistance, due to the compounding effects of weak health policies, disrupted medical supply chains...
Journal Article
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Research

Practices and challenges related to antibiotic use in paediatric treatment in hospitals and health centres in Niger and Uganda: a mixed methods study

Mambula G, Nanjebe D, Munene A, Guindo O, Salifou A,  et al.
2023-07-11 • Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control
2023-07-11 • Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control
BACKGROUND
Antibiotic resistance is a significant public health problem and is responsible for high mortality in children and new-borns. Strengthening the rational use of antibiotics...
Journal Article
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Research

When first line treatment of neonatal infection is not enough: blood culture and resistance patterns in neonates requiring second line antibiotic therapy in Bangui, Central African Republic

Nebbioso A, Ogundipe OF, Repetto EC, Mekiedje C, Sanke-Waigana H,  et al.
2021-12-13 • BMC Pediatrics
2021-12-13 • BMC Pediatrics
BACKGROUND
Infectious diseases account for the third most common cause of neonatal deaths. Globally, antibiotic resistance (ABR) has been increasingly challenging neonatal sepsis tre...
Journal Article
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Review

The socioeconomic burden of antibiotic resistance in conflict-affected settings and refugee hosting countries: a systematic scoping review

Kobeissi L, Menassa M, Mousally K, Repetto EC, Soboh I,  et al.
2021-04-06 • Conflict and Health
2021-04-06 • Conflict and Health
BACKGROUND
Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is a major global threat. Armed and protracted conflicts act as multipliers of infection and ABR, thus leading to increased healthcare and soci...
Journal Article
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Commentary

The Mini-Lab: accessible clinical bacteriology for low-resource settings

Natale A, Ronat JB, Mazoyer A, Rochard A, Boillot B,  et al.
2020-06-01 • Lancet Microbe
2020-06-01 • Lancet Microbe

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Climate change and health
Climate change and health
The climate crisis is also a health and humanitarian crisis, disproportionately impacting people in the world’s most climate-sensitive regions—mainly low- and low-middle income countries with the least capacity to respond. MSF and other humanitarian organizations witness the consequences daily. More frequent, intense weather events and a warming planet contribute to food and water scarcity, more severe and widespread disease outbreaks, and more injuries and preventable deaths. They also drive massive population displacement, with over 32 million people fleeing their homes in 2022 alone due to floods, drought, storms and fire—nearly triple the number displaced by violence and conflict. As global leaders convene in Dubai for the UN climate conference (COP28, 30 Nov-12 Dec 2023) we present this cross-section of work by MSF and collaborators, drawing from first-hand experience at our medical projects. Emphasizing the urgency of adapting humanitarian operations to the climate crisis, the collection also explores loss and damage through a health lens, proposes policies and practices for creating climate-resilient health organizations, and advocates for embedding fair, just ethics perspectives into humanitarian action and research on climate.
World Hand Hygiene Day 2023
World Hand Hygiene Day 2023
"Clean hands, safe care" is the theme of this year's World Hand Hygiene Day. At MSF, we know that Hand Hygiene is the simplest and best way to prevent the transmission of infections in our facilities. This collection features some lessons learned about hand hygiene and infection, prevention, & control (IPC) in MSF projects, especially in resource-constrained environments in the Sahel, and in the era of COVID-19.
Medical and humanitarian harms of restrictive European migration policies
Medical and humanitarian harms of restrictive European migrat...
Conflict, persecution, poverty, food insecurity and natural disasters—increasingly fueled by climate change—continue to drive migration globally. Yet many wealthy countries are doubling down on hostile policies to prevent people from seeking safety within their borders, thereby subjecting them to a wide range of harms. In a newly-published report MSF focuses on European Union and member state policies that intensify exposure to violence, exploitation, risk of drowning at sea, disease, and lack of access to basic health care and shelter, both within European Union borders and beyond. The Collection linked below presents this report alongside selected publications illustrating the broader context, based on quantitative studies and accounts from MSF patients and medical teams over nearly a decade of operational experience along the European migration route. From violent, squalid detention centers in Libya— where people intercepted by the EU-supported Libyan coast guard are forcibly returned —to perilous Mediterranean crossings in flimsy rubber boats and often abysmal reception centers and camps within the EU, it documents how these policies and practices further harm highly vulnerable people seeking safety and protection.
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Combatting antimicrobial resistance

Combatting antimicrobial resistance